Trophoblast cells form the outer layer of the blastocyst and subsequently differentiate into the intermediate trophoblast, cytotrophoblast, and syncytiotrophoblast layers. Trophoblasts play a central role in embryo implantation and interact with the maternal decidual layer of the placenta. ScienCell's GeneQuery™ Human Trophoblast Cell Biology qPCR Array Kit (GQH-TRO) is designed to facilitate gene expression profiling of 88 key genes involved in human trophoblast development, proliferation and differentiation, as well as important pathways in trophoblast cell biology, including LIF-STAT, FGF and NODAL/TGFB signaling pathways. Genes implicated in gestational trophoblastic disease and choriocarcinoma are also included in the array. Brief examples of how genes may be grouped according to their functions are shown below:     

• Trophoblast cell markers: KRT7, GATA3, TFAP2C, ELF5, HLA-G, CGA, CGB3, CDX2, EOMES, ITGA1, VIM, POU5F1
• Development and proliferation: NANOG, SOX2, ESRRB, ASCL2, FLT1, HAND1, BHLHE40, GCM1, NODAL, PCSK6, FURIN
• Trophoblast differentiation: TCF4, ASCL2, ID1/2, TFAP2C, HAND1, THBD, EIF3A, NCOA6, HSF1, GCM1, DLX3
• LIF-STAT signaling: IL6ST, LIFR, STAT1/3, SOCS3, TIMP1, ITGB3, JUNB
• FGF signaling: FGF4, FGFR2, MAPK1/3, FRS2, PTPN11
• NODAL/TGFB signaling: NODAL, ACVR2A/B, ACVR1B, SMAD2/3
• Gestational trophoblastic disease: INHA, LNPEP, GPC3, EGFR, ERBB2/3, PAM, CGB3, KRT18, PRPTJ, ALPP
• Choriocarcinoma: HOPX, HLA-G, GH2, CGA, LNPEP, CYP19A1, ERV3-1, CYP11A1, ABCG2

Note: all gene names follow their official symbols by the Human Genome Organization Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC).

GeneQuery™ qPCR array kits are qPCR ready in a 96-well plate format, with each well containing one primer set that can specifically recognize and efficiently amplify a target gene's cDNA. The carefully designed primers ensure that: (i) the optimal annealing temperature in qPCR analysis is 65°C (with 2 mM Mg2+, and no DMSO); (ii) the primer set recognizes all known transcript variants of target gene, unless otherwise indicated; and (iii) only one gene is amplified. Each primer set has been validated by qPCR with melt curve analysis, and gel electrophoresis. 

GeneQuery™ Human Trophoblast Cell Biology qPCR Array Plate Layout*

(8 controls in Bold and Italic)

Note: all gene names follow their official symbols by HGNC

* gene selection may be updated based on new research and development