Fibroblasts are mesenchymal cells derived from the embryonic mesoderm. In general, fibroblasts secrete a non-rigid extracellular matrix which is rich in type I and/or type III collagen. There is evidence showing that fibroblasts in various organs are intrinsically different. They have been extensively used for a wide range of cellular and molecular studies as they are one of easiest types of cells to grow in culture. Their durability also makes them amenable to a variety of manipulations ranging from studies employing gene transfection to microinjection. Previous studies have shown that choroid fibroblasts respond to elevated PKC and cyclic AMP levels to up-regulate VEGF expression, suggesting a role in angiogenesis and macular degeneration. HOCF from ScienCell Research Laboratories are isolated from human ocular choroid. HOCF are cryopreserved at passage one and delivered frozen. Each vial contains >5 x 105 cells in 1 ml volume. HOCF are characterized by their spindle morphology and immunofluorescence with antibody specific to fibronectin. HOCF are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. HOCF are guaranteed to further expand for 15 population doublings under the conditions provided by ScienCell Research Laboratories. Recommended Medium It is recommended to use Fibroblast Medium (FM, Cat. #2301) for culturing HOCF in vitro.